Evolution of the cosmic horizons in a closed radiation universe (Ωr=2)

Proper (r) & comoving (R) distances, Plot range: r|R=0…70, t=0…41.1856

If H=67.15 at a=1, the turning point at a=√2 would be at t=20.5928 Gyr

The big bang is at the bottom, the big crunch at the top of the t axis

Gray dashed curves: worldlines of objects comoving with the Hubbleflow

| static | big crunch | big rip | radiation | matter | milne | mixed


   r(t)

↑ r(t) / ↓ R(t)

   R(t)

↑ R(t) / ↓ R(η)

   R(η)

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