Cosmic surfaces in a Big Rip universe, wΛ=-4/3 → H(a)=H0·√[Ωm/a³+ΩΛ·a]

Initial parameters: H0=67.150, Ωm=0.315, ΩΛ=0.685; Rip at t=48.836 Gyr

Color code: Hubble radius, Event horizon, Particle horizon, Light cone

Gray dashed curves: worldlines of objects comoving with the Hubbleflow

Proper (r) and comoving (R), Plotrange: r|R=0…70, a=0…3.5, η=0…59.3039

Static | Crunch | Rip | Radiation | Matter | Milne | Hyper | Λk | ΛCDM

   r(t)

↑ r(t) / ↓ r(a)

   r(a)

↓ r(a) / ↓ R(t)

   R(t)

↑ R(t) / ↓ R(a)

   R(a)

↑ R(a) / ↓ R(η)

   R(η)

↑ R(η) / ↓ f(t)

   f(t)

Static | Crunch | Rip | Radiation | Matter | Milne | Hyper | Λk | ΛCDM

Main |  Code | Info | a, ȧ, ä, ã, â, H, Ḣ, Ḧ, rH, rE, rP, rL, Σr, Ω