Cosmic horizons in a Big Rip universe, wΛ=-4/3 → H(a)=H0·√[Ωm/a³+ΩΛ·a]

Initial parameters: H0=67.15, Ωm=0.315, ΩΛ=0.685; Big Rip @ t=44.8 Gyr

Color code: Hubble radius, Event horizon, Particle horizon, Light cone

Gray dashed curves: worldlines of objects comoving with the Hubbleflow

Proper (r) & comoving (R) distances, Plot range: r|R=0…70, η=0…48.1945

Static | Crunch | Rip | Radiation | Matter | Milne | Hyperbolic | ΛCDM

   r(t)

↑ r(t) / ↓ R(t)

   R(t)

↑ R(t) / ↓ R(η)

   R(η)

[Main]¦[Code]     Index: a, ȧ, ä, ã, â, H, Ḣ, Ḧ, rH, rE, rP, rL, Σr, Ω