Evolution of the cosmic surfaces in a negatively curved universe: Ωk>0

in proper (r) & comoving (R) distances. Plot range: r|R=0…70, t|η=0…70

Parameters @ a=1: Ωr=0.000092, Ωm=0.315, Ωk=1-Ωr-Ωm, t0=11.7, H0=67.15

Those are the same Ωmegas as in our current ΛCDM model, but with ΩΛ→Ωk

Color coding: World lines, Hubble radius, Particle horizon, Light cone

Static | Crunch | Rip | Radiation | Matter | Milne | Hyper | Λk | ΛCDM

   r(t)

↑ r(t) / ↓ R(t)

   R(t)

↑ R(t) / ↓ R(η)

   R(η)

↑ R(η) / ↓ f(t)

   f(t)

Static | Crunch | Rip | Radiation | Matter | Milne | Hyper | Λk | ΛCDM

Main |  Code | Info | a, ȧ, ä, ã, â, H, Ḣ, Ḧ, rH, rE, rP, rL, Σr, Ω